L’attacco di panico può essere quanto di più terribile una persona possa provare. Ciò che si prova durante un attacco di panico è assoluto terrore, paura di morire. Si pensa che si stia per avere un infarto, o un ictus o ancora che si morirà soffocati. Anche quando tutto è passato, la vita non sembra più quella di prima e ci si trova a convivere con la perenne ansia che un altro attacco sopraggiunga.
Attacco di panico: i sintomi
Add letter here Quali sono i sintomi di un attacco di panico? Come è possibile riconoscerlo? L’attacco di panico è il campanello che suona nel nostro cervello che ci dice che qualcosa di pericoloso e minaccioso sta per accadere. Ma cosa sta accadendo realmente? Nulla. Proprio niente che possa farci male. Il nostro cervello però non la pensa così e mette in moto serie di reazioni sia fisiche che psicologiche.
I sintomi che possono scatenare un attacco di panico sono:
- produzione di adrenalina e cortisolo nel sangue
- aumento della sudorazione
- battito cardiaco accellerato
- blocco della digestione
- diminuita salivazione
- dilatazione delle pupille
- respiro più frequente
Sapete perché l’immagine rappresenta un uomo primitivo? perché queste reazioni ci accompagnano fin dai nostri progenitori, sono un meccanismo di reazione ad uno stimolo ritenuto pericoloso, che conduce a una risposta “di attacco” o “fuga”, ossia: vedo un nemico e lo attacco, o vedo un leone affamato e fuggo come una gazzella.
Attacco di panico: come si manifesta
c Come si manifesta un attacco di panico? I sintomi di cui abbiamo parlato sopra scatenano a loro volta una serie di reazioni, un attacco di panico di può manifestare con:- tremori,
- sensazione di svenimento,
- sensazione di irrealtà (non sapere dove si è o cosa si stava facendo),
- depersonalizzazione (sentirsi staccati da se stessi),
- senso di nausea,
- paura di impazzire o di morire,
- senso di soffocamento,
- sensazioni di torpore o formicolio a parti del corpo
- brividi o vampate di calore
- senso di pesantezza al petto o dolore al petto
Attacco di panico: quanto dura
q I dati sono molto chiari: un attacco di panico dura dai cinque ai venti minuti. Al massimo può raggiungere la mezz’ora, e ci può volere al massimo un’ora perché termini del tutto. Qualcuno riferisce di aver avuto un episodio durato molte ore, questo probabilmente è perché l’ansia e il malessere percepiti possono continuare anche alcune ore dopo che è terminato.Attacco di panico: cosa fare
c Quando si vive per la prima volta questa esperienza, si è completamente destabilizzati da quanto è successo, anche una volta passato lo spavento, ci si sente come se qualcosa sia cambiato nella nostra vita. Si comincia a vivere con l’ansia e la paura che si ripresenti ancora. Si innesca quel meccanismo che viene chiamato “la paura della paura” che può portare a sviluppare un vero Disturbo di panico.Se abbiamo avuto il nostro primo attacco di panico sapere cosa fare è quindi determinante in questa fase così delicata. Siamo spaventati e vorremmo sapere come evitare un attacco di panico futuro, pensiamo che, poiché il primo è apparso improvvisamente non possiamo evitare di averne altri.
Il consiglio più importante per gestire un attacco di panico, una volta passata la crisi, è quello di dare significato a quanto è successo. E’ importantissimo riuscire a spiegarsi quanto è accaduto, da cosa è stato scatenata questa reazione. Trovare una motivazione avrà un immediato effetto benefico, ci sentiremo più tranquilli e non cercheremo spiegazioni catastrofiche (come ad esempio: soffro di mal di cuore, ho una malattia pericolosa ecc). Dobbiamo invece capire che si tratta del nostro cervello che ci sta dando un forte segnale di pericolo, perché stiamo vivendo una situazione percepita come minacciosa.
Una volta che avremo capito la causa scatenante potremo lavorare per evitare che l’ansia e il panico si manifestino di nuovo. Naturalmente non è sempre facile riconoscere cosa abbia provocato l’attacco, a volte non lo si riesce a capire nemmeno dopo anni. Vediamo di capire meglio come funzionano le cause degli attacchi di panico.
Attacco di panico: cause
c Capire la causa di un attacco di panico è il primo e più importante passo per affrontare la situazione, ma spesso non è facile individuarla, per questo ci si può rivolgere a uno psicologo per fare con lui un’analisi approfondita della situazione. Le cause possono essere infatti:- Prossimali, quindi vicine in termini di tempo, ad esempio: è sera, sono a casa con un familiare, lui esce, resto a casa da solo, comincio ad avere paura: ho un attacco di panico.
- Continue e ripetitive, ad esempio: da tre mesi temo di perdere il lavoro perché l’azienda dove mi trovo ha problemi economici, questo pensiero è fisso e continuo nelle mie giornate, poi un giorno, apparentemente senza motivo, ho un attacco di panico.
- Lontane temporalmente, ad esempio: ho subito un lutto che mi ha portato via una persona cara, non ho elaborato questo lutto, anzi ho dovuto essere forte per consolare le persone vicine a me, tenendomi dentro il mio dolore. A distanza anche di anni, quando tutto sembra passato, si verifica un attacco di panico.
Come potete vedere proprio per la complessità del fenomeno può essere difficile capire la causa di un attacco di panico, perché la nostra mente agisce in maniera a volte inspiegabile a livello razionale, ma è davvero il modo più efficace per evitare che si ripresenti. Quindi impariamo a leggerci dentro e ad analizzare bene le situazioni che viviamo, questo è il primo passo per conoscerci e per trovare un equilibrio.
Ricordiamo sempre che un attacco di panico è una manifestazione naturale non è nulla di cui dovremo vergognarci e no indica che siamo deboli o fragili, significa solo che abbiamo raggiunto un livello di pressione e stress insostenibili.
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